Mutation patterns of resistance genes for macrolides, aminoglycosides, and rifampicin in nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates from Kenya

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) treatment constitutes a macrolide-based antibiotic regimen in combination with aminoglycosides for Rapid-Growing (RGM), and rifampicin Slow-Growing (SGM). Mutations the anti-NTM drug target regions promote NTM evolution to mutant strains that are insusceptible drugs leading failure. We, therefore, described mutation patterns of genes including rrl, rrs, rpoB isolates from Kenya. Methods: We carried out cross-sectional study included 122 obtained sputum symptomatic tuberculosis-negative patients All underwent targeted sequencing rrl gene. The 54 RGM were also sequenced 68 SGM using ABI 3730XL analyzer. sequences aligned their wild-type reference each gene Geneious then mutations identified. Pearson chi-square at 95% confidence interval tested association gene. Results: Twenty-eight (23%) resistant least one antibiotics used treatment. Twelve (10.4%) macrolide resistant, 7(58.3%) 5(41.7%) having For ten (83.3%) NTM, found position 2058, while two (16.6%) 2059. Six (11.1%) exhibited aminoglycoside rrs location 1408. Ten (14.7%) rifampicin, 40 percent codon 531 Conclusion: demonstrated significant level resistance macrolides, isolated TB negative Kenya.